In this study, to discover variables effecting on Organizational rip currents, at first the literature (books, journals, databases, websites, etc). was reviewed and 15 in-depth interviews was done by experts. Many variables affecting on Organizational rip currents were collected. Second, using a Delphi Panel of 40 experts, variables were formed and the consensus was reached on the 36 indicators. The questionnaire was formed based on these finalized variables and questionnaires were distributed Among 500 experts that 364 ones were collected. Next using confirmatory factor analysis technique, factors were ranked and revealed contextual factors are the most important, and structural factors and behavioral ones are the next...

Environmental factors are deemed as destructive, threatening, and actual challenges facing the foundations and performance of governmental organizations, and this has led some to call them the Organizational rip currents. In order to counter this phenomenon, organizations can use Organizational transparency and social capital concepts. The study at hand was carried out to manage Organizational rip currents with an emphasis on the social capital and Organizational transparency variables. The study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. The statistical population of the study regarded some of employees of governmental organizations in Mazandaran province, out of which a sample of 191 individuals was selected using cluster random sampling method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire whose reliability and validity was confirmed through Chronbach’, s alpha and combined validity by the professors and experts familiar with the topic. The data analysis was done by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS and PLS software packages. The findings of the structural equation modeling demonstrated that all paths from social capital and Organizational transparency to Organizational rip currents management and from social capital through the Organizational transparency as a mediating variable to Organizational rip currents management were significant and the relationship between them could be confirmed. Then, it could be concluded that the investment on social capital along with social transparency can help manage Organizational rip currents.

In this research, the use of power sources on managers' behavior in Organizational rip currents was investigated. Organizational rip currents are factors, outside the control of the organization, that make drastic and irregular changes in the organization's organs. It is like a tsunami, causes instability, lack of efficiency and even death of an organization. The purpose of this research is to categorize and highlight those manager’ s behavioral traits that influence their relative success by using different sources of power to accompany employees encountering Organizational rip currents. The statistical population of the study consisted of 230 Payame Noor University’ s staff who work at central organization and hold a management BA degree. In order to collect data, a standard power source measurement questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire containing 14 questions were used. The managers’ power sources used in the study were expertise, legitimate, legal, coercive, and reward. The research findings indicate that there are a direct relationship between power sources of managers and Organizational rip currents. Furthermore, it show a significant relationship between their legal power and substantive, structural and behavioral factors. Also, the results of the multivariate step by step regression confirmed that the legal and expertise sources play the most important role in predicting the behavior of managers when facing Organizational rip currents.

Organizational rip currents are a phenomenon that affects epidemic state management and the pillars of all government agencies. But the behavior of corporate managers can be effective in modifying this phenomenon. Therefore, considering the importance of managers' behavior in Organizational rip currents control, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of professional behavior for managers facing Organizational rip currents at Payame Noor University. In this study, seven categories of variables affecting the behavior of managers were identified through a comprehensive research literature review as well as the use of experts’ opinions. Then, using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) technique and a questionnaire, the variables were classified into five levels. Later, after determining the levels of each factors and also considering the final accessibility matrix, the final model of the interpretation structure was drawn. Based on the results of this study, variables such as ethics and managerial expertise and the changing environment of the organization are among the factors that have the most impact on the professional behavior of managers in dealing with Organizational rip currents.

Submerged breakwaters are one of the shore protective structures. Any discontinuity in these breakwaters causes changes on current parameters including speed and water surface profile. In this paper, discontinuous submerged breakwaters were modelled to investigate the changes in the wave and flow pattern. To investigate the phenomenon, three models including a shore with constant slope, a shore with continuous submerged breakwater and a shore with discontinuous breakwater were used. Extended Boussinesq Equations were used for wave generation. The results of the models showed that in the shore without breakwaters transient rip currents are produced across the shore. By addition of the breakwater, the wave breaking happens on the crest of breakwater which leads to dissipation of their energy. This in turn creates calm shore currents. However, constructing a gap in the center of breakwater causes some changes in the system of shore currents. This phenomenon generates a pair of flow vortices and a powerful return current called rip current. rip currents not only threaten the life of swimmers, but also play an important role on the sediment transportation and erosion of the sea bed around the breakwater gap and may lead to destruction of the whole breakwater.

rip current is one of the most important phenomena in coastal areas. Due to the importance of rip currents, which are directly related to human lives, they have been studied and evaluated from different approaches. This research aimed to determine rip currents' effect on the sediments' granulometry through sampling of the sediments in the rip channel and its surrounding area on the Caspian Sea coast. In this study, one station was selected in Noor city, Mazandaran province. Various factors such as lack of private property, easy access, lack of human manipulation, and knowledge of drowning rescuers about the location of the drowned were considered in the selection of the station. Then, in two seasons, winter (December and March) and spring (May and June), with the help of lifeguards and existing signs, the location of the rip canal was identified in the station and at least three sediment samples were taken from the channel and three samples from the environment around the channel using Grab. In addition, the water depths were estimated in the sediment sampling points using Echo sounder. The sediment samples were transferred to the laboratory and sediment particles were separated based on grain size using a shaker and multiple sieves (with a network mesh of 30, 50, 60, 80, 100, 140, 200, and 230). The data obtained from the shaker were entered into the excel page of GRADISTAT software and the characteristics of sediment samples including mean diameter (D50), mean degree of sorting, skewness, and kurtosis were calculated by Folk and Ward method. All sediment particle characteristics were compared between the rip channels and surrounding areas using an unpaired t-test. The results showed that among the sedimentation characteristics, no significant difference was observed between the channel and surrounding areas in the degree of sorting and kurtosis neither in the winter nor in the spring. In addition, the results of granulometry showed that D50, mean particle size, and skewness of grain distribution of sediment particles were significantly different between the rip channel and the surrounding areas in the spring. The highest amount of D50 (with an average of 185. 8 mm), mean (with an average of 202. 7 mm) and skewness (0. 48) of sediment particles were observed in the rip channel. These significant differences in particle characteristics were not observed in the winter samples probably due to the turbulent weather and sea currents. In addition, the average water depth of the rip channel was obtained at ca. 120 cm, while the average water depth of surrounding areas was estimated at ca. 85 cm. Therefore, we can state that some of the channel sediments have been removed by water flow in the channel. The higher energy and velocity of the flow in the channel than the surrounding environment has caused the transfer of sediments. On the other hand, sediment transport is directly related to other parameters such as sediment grain size. The present study showed that rip channels have sediments with significantly different characteristics than the surrounding sediments. The higher flow rate in the rip channel probably causes the removal of some fine-grained sediments and is not able to remove coarse-grained sediments. Removal of fine-grained sediments causes a change in the texture of the remaining sediments towards larger grains and these changes have caused a significant granulometric change between the rip channel and the surrounding environment, especially in the spring.

“rip currents”, the new metaphor, was presented by “Sarlak” at first time and explains environmental destructive rips effective on public organizations. This study using a metaphor in environment tries to explain hidden aspects of environmental factors effective on public organizations. This research was done using qualitative research method, Grounded Theory. For this purpose, at first the literature was reviewed and Sea rip currents and the metaphor in organization and management were studied. To explore and describe the beliefs and attitudes, the in-depth interviews was done by 15 management expert. Many of indicators of factors affecting Organizational splitter flows were collected, using Grounded Theory; open coding, axial and selective variables were categorized and the metaphor of Organizational rip currents was defined. The study shows that unstable environment, rumor publication, unfollowing up, Bewilderment and abusing are currents rips. By identifying the causal conditions, the results showed these factors were fulfilled in the context of structure weakness and the weakness of Organizational structure processes. Moreover, the performance of managers and employee behavior were identified as the intervening variables in this study.

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) provide the ability to intercept surface currents at low cost. This paper presents the details of designing and constructing an online self-recorder system for measuring the Lagrangian surface currents in the wave guide region and comparing it with numerical modeling results. Comparing of the results of the instruments with field measurements of coastal currents shows that this drifter has good accuracy for intercept coastal currents. Although there are difficulties in transferring data collected from the GPRS system, offline functionality helps maintain data. Surface current measurement data on the Anzali coast southwest of the Caspian Sea and several breakaway current cells intercepted and identified. At the same time, the simulated currents by coupling ROMS oceanic models and SWAN waves indicated the presence of several cells with weak rip currents (less than 0. 8 m / s) in the region that good alignment with intercept drifter information.

Today, many schemes are being considered for using renewable sources of energy such as ocean wave energy. While the Caspian Sea, for example, has waves that do not hold much energy for extraction purposes, if waves energy of the sea could be augmented, a greater amount of energy could be possible. In our research, we model the natural phenomenon of rip currents to achieve this objective. We used MATLAB for simulations and MIKE for meshing and topography in modeling rip currents, while considering different variables including: significant wave height and period of incident waves, sea bottom slope, height of rip channel, and channel gap. From the data, we calculated the amount of extractable power. Our results show the rate of water flow in the channel at different depths at 36 different points. We used a program written in MATLAB to show the flow rate and power generated from the simulated channel. Our findings indicate that the optimum condition can be achieved when the significant wave height is 1. 5m, period is 5sec, sea bottom slope is 7. 5%, height of channel is 4. 95m, distance from channel to beach is 75m, and channel gap is 10m. When these conditions are applied to a width of 100m, 30kW power can be expected and in 23test cases, we found a reasonable outcome. The variables with the most important effects on changes in power extraction were wave height and channel height. Moreover, in the cases we investigated, power ranged from approximately zero to 29. 2Kw, and in four cases, it was greater than 17Kw.